
Certified GKH Gardening Expert
In general, you shouldn't need to fertilize them if you provide rich, organic soil for them to thrive. But it does depend on the fern. Some benefit from a monthly application of a natural fertilizer like fish emulsion. I'm including a University of Georgia publication with an extensive list of ferns and their care:
https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B737&title=Growing%20Ferns
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/ferns/taking-care-of-outdoor-ferns.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/autumn-ferns/autumn-ferns-in-gardens.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/ferns/common-fern-varieties.htm