Q.Can I Put A Raised Bed Around An Old Apple Tree?
I have some shrubs in quite large pots that I would like to plant and don’t want to disturb the trees roots.

Certified GKH Gardening Expert
Doing so is not recommended. Placing soil, and planting that far above the tree's crown will lead to rot, and the tree's death.
It will be best to find a spot that is far enough away from the tree to allow for proper growth of your shrubs. An alternative will be to keep the shrubs in large containers.
Here is an article that will help: