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This article will help you with the most common Pine Trees.

https://www.thoughtco.com/most-common-north-american-pine-species-1341866

The tree definitely needs more water. brown needles is a sign of the tree needing a slow long soaking at leat twice a week in the summer. Also try some Alaska fish emulsion fertilizer. My trees love it!

It is unnecessary to cut the tree, but it wouldn't hurt it to do so. Here is an article that will help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/pine/pine-tree-pruning.htm

Theoretically, yes, it is possible. But only in a lab type setting where the tree can be monitored for bacteria and mold, in a completely sterile room. Unfortunately-With it being outdoors, this will be next to impossible. The tree will more than likely die from the major cut. Sometimes these will try and sprout again on their own, but it is unlikely.

You can attempt to root the top, though. There are many hormones that work well, as well as natural ways to root.

Personally I prefer this method:Dip the cutting into honey. Mix a spoonful of honey, and an aspirin tab, crushed, into a bottle of warm water, and spray the soil until moist, but not wet. Cover with plastic for a week, and open and check until you see root callus forming. Transplant as needed.

What is your alternative? Gardeners refer to bare root plants and these are, by definition and necessity, dormant. Once dormant, the soil is removed. If you don't pot up your trees right away, they will die.

This can happen naturally in taller pines. If you are seeing black, though, this can mean a fungal/bacterial infection. Watering more will only inflate the problem. You can put wettable sulfur around the area to kill off the infection in the soil, and hope that the tree can recover. It would be very difficult to treat the top of the tree. If it kills off the entire tree, then the last option will be to cut it down.