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This article will help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/broccoli/worms-in-broccoli-caterpillars-in-the-broccoli-head.htm

Your broccoli has bolted. Unfortunately, once it flowers, it does not taste very good. Here is some information on how to stop it from bolting in the future: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/broccoli/bolting-broccoli-growing-broccoli-in-hot-weather.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/what-is-bolting-what-it-means-when-a-plant-bolts.htm

You can. If you leave them in the ground, you will be able to harvest "mini-heads" of broccoli (a little like broccoli rabe) that will be eventually the equivalent of about a half head of broccoli. Or, you can pull them now and start a new plant there. Either is fine and which you do just depends on what you would like from that space.

Unfortunately, once broccoli bolts, it quickly becomes inedible. This article will help you with planting it in the future:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/broccoli/bolting-broccoli-growing-broccoli-in-hot-weather.htm

You can cut it a few inches below the crown. It is best to store it in a cool, more dry place, like the vegetable drawer in your fridge.

Before freezing, the broccoli will need to be blanched. For ease of cooking, we would recommend that you chop them. After blanching, spread them out on a cookie sheet and then freeze them. Once they are frozen, you can put them in storage bags and keep them in the freezer until you use them.